Leadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship Essay

Given the increase in organizational downsizings, layoffs, asset write-offs and executive bailouts, how important is the trust factor in defining a good leader? Without an established trust relationship a leader is unable to be effective. The problem to be investigated is the value of trustworthiness and ethical stewardship in the construct of the organizational leadership model. This paper shall explore the co-functions of trust and ethical stewardship and its impact on leadership effectiveness. Introduction In 2012, there is very little allegiance or loyalty among organizational members. This is partly due to the recent increase in corporate scandals and the outsourcing of many jobs to foreign countries. Once†¦show more content†¦500). In order for interpersonal trustworthiness to exist in organizations, a leader-follower relationship must first exist between the parties involved (Caldwell et al., 2010, p. 500). Once that leader-follower relationship is established, leaders have to earn trust. Leaders earn trust by their respective actions, morals and virtues. Trust is can also be based on past history. If something was done in the past which questions a leader’s values, morals or judgment, it would be unlikely that the leader would be trusted in the future. One of the most important parts of being an effective leader is building and maintaining trust. Trust can further be defined as a â€Å"multi-dimensional construct comprising different dimensions of the trustee’s attributes that the trustor evaluates† (Ingenhoff and Sommer, 2010, p. 341). Ethical stewardship is a concept that fosters policies of fairness to all. Ethical stewards use guiding principles that are ethical and moral. Caldwell states that† The concept of ethical stewardship has its roots in stakeholder theory† (Caldwell et al., 2007, p. 154). Stakeholder theory is very similar to Milton Friedman’s classical theory of business, which essentially holds that businesses should be solely devoted to increasing profits (Friedman, 1970, para 33). This author contends that ethical stewardship can’t existShow MoreRelatedLeadership, Trustworthiness And Ethical Stewardship1832 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Ethical Leadership 1 Ethical Leadership Leadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship Leadership, Trustworthiness and Ethical Stewardship The problem to be investigated is; how the leaders manage to stay ethical in their role while maintaining trust with the followers and focus on organisational goals. Most of the times, the biggest responsibility of leaders is to lead the team of the people to achieve organisational goals willingly. Leaders are supposed to create harmonyRead MoreLeadership, Trustworthiness, and Ethical Stewardship and Their Correlation1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe problem to be investigated is what are the ethical concepts of leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship and how are they correlated. Many interpretations of the terms leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship have been developed by scholars and researchers. However, the meaning of these topics as they relate to business organizations and business ethics need to be explored and more importantly, a discussion is necessary of how these topics interact or correlate with oneRead MoreLeadership, Trustworthiness and Ethica l Stewardship Essay examples2114 Words   |  9 Pagesto be investigated is the relationship between leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship; how these virtuous qualities can impact leaders, individuals, and companies. This paper will attempt to provide an academic opinion related to the problem investigated. The evidence of correlation between these qualities will be generated from my own personal experience and perspective as well as the viewpoints of multiple business experts. Leadership To guide, direct and manage people with an inspiredRead MoreAssignment Number 2: Leadership, Trustworthiness, and Ethical Stewardship1969 Words   |  8 PagesThe problem to be investigated is empirical data that suggested when a leader’s action is observed to be ethical; leaders are inclined to be more ethical. In essence, positive-reinforcement of any type of behavior will drive the continuation of that behavior whether it is good or bad, especially when it comes to leadership. Caldwell and Clapham (2003) wrote that trustworthiness is the keystone in the development of trust. My hypothesis is that the empirical data is correct and that leadership’sRead MoreGestalt And Humanistic Modes Of Thought800 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology it is not considered as important to human actuality (Hergenhahn Henley, 2014). The application and connection of a humanistic understanding of learning and how it applies to leadership roles also shares some similarities with Gestalt psychology. Developing healthy relationships is an essential trait for leadership and involves the ability to understand oneself, as well as other people (Haber-Curran, Allen, Shankman, 2015). This concurs with both types of psychology, in that each person isRead MoreHigh Ethical And Moral Standards1029 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious opinions about which leadership competencies are the most important to possess. Depending upon which career field one chooses, some leadership competencies may be more important than others. However, many leadership competencies are interchangeable and almost all include but are not limited to: High ethical and moral standards; Empowerment including coaching and mentoring;Interpersonal relationships and communication; Team building;and Managing conflict. High Ethical and Moral Standards: AlthoughRead MoreMy Personal Model Of Leadership1593 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Where there is no community, trust, respect, ethical behavior is difficult for the young to learn and from the old to maintain† (Robert K Greenleaf). The founder of servant leadership, Robert K Greenleaf; believes that every person ought to own values that could support and guide others. According to Greenleaf, â€Å"The servant leader is servant first; it begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve†(†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.). In order to serve people must comprehend values; which are a person’sRead MoreCoca Cola Value Alignment1449 Words   |  6 Pagesworkforce to have a reasonable advantage over other companies. This modification allows an establishment to concentrate on the steps of life while generating goods, which reaches cultures. In other words, these modifications agree to standards and ethical morals from numerous cultures. It is the res ponsibility of the executive in any business to introduce morale, beliefs, and their company vision to all of their employees. Directors must â€Å"walk the talk.† In this paper team B will examine the foundationRead MoreThe Impact of Organization Leadership on Organization Governance2650 Words   |  11 Pagesrespect and involvement for those who work in them to attain superior results. This is achieved through involvement of good leadership. According to Uju (2013), leadership is the vision creation concerning a defined future state that seeks to entangle all organizational setting membership, with an influence that is necessary to the achievement of organization objectives. Leadership is defined as a process in which an individual influences others to attain an objective and guides the organization in aRead MoreTransformational Leadership3693 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Transformative Leadership: Achieving Unparalleled Excellence† For , MGT 3110 February 6, 2015 Abstract This paper summarizes the article written by Cam Caldwell, Rolf D. Dixon, Larry A. Floyd, Joe Chaudoin, Johnathan Post, and Gaynor Cheokas regarding the need for a new type of leadership in today’s social work environment, defined as Transformative leadership. The article itself varies in the definition, however in a broad sense Transformative leadership is maintaining

Leadership Profile Analysis Essay - 1059 Words

In taking the leadership style inventories, it was not surprising to see the results. After completing almost thirty years in education, the results revealed the use of several styles in my leadership role. The Leadership Legacy results indicated that I was tied on two types of styles. They were Truth-Seeker and Experienced Guide. Tied again for one point less were Ambassador and People Mover. One less point again revealed Creative Builder. My lowest area was Advocate. I thought this assessment was close to my own perceptions. As a Truth-Seeker, I value fairness and I try to use best judgment in handling challenges. I am process oriented, and I try to remain neutral and objective in dealing with issues. In the Experienced Guide leadership†¦show more content†¦This matched my decision-making style. I am analytic in identifying problems, researching solutions and gathering input from other people before deciding on a solution. If the decision leads to controversy, I will work with the resistance to help move everyone to commit to the decision. The second strongest style is the Tell style. It is interesting that it has the same fact gathering style, but may not include input from others. I ask for other people’s input, but I am not afraid to make a decision if needed. I tied on the Sell and Join styles. I can sell people on a decision, but it is not my favorite style. I cannot see myself in the Join style. I am not someone who passes decision- making on to someone else. I want to have a say, but I will abide by a group decision. I am able to see the big picture and look to the future in a decision. In taking the Strengths based Leadership Assessment, I thought that the assessment was fairly accurate for my leadership style. I have two strengths in the Executing domain, Achiever and Arranger. As an achiever, I need to follow through on what I say I will do. I need to establish relationships that will foster collaboration and equality. I need to balance time with people that are important to me and make sure I acknowledge my appreciation of my co-workers. I need to let others know I enjoy working hard and provide reasonable timelines and tasks for getting big projects completed.Show MoreRelatedManaging Organizations and Leading People Company and Leadership Profile and SWAT analysis5497 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Task 1: Organization and Leadership Analysis Table of Contents Organization Overview 4 Organization Description 4 The Company Mission 4 The Organization – SEAD 4 The CEO – Jon Shreve 5 Leadership Practices 6 Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture 7 SWOT Analysis 9 Organizational Strengths 9 Technical Skills 9 Strategic Thinking 10 Organizational Weaknesses 11 Under-developed Leadership 11 Failing to deliver quality results 11 Organizational Opportunities 12 Political ForcesRead MoreWhat Did You Learn About Leadership Effectiveness And Flexibility? Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages1. What did you learn about leadership effectiveness and flexibility? The Leader Behavior Analysis II Self Report provides insight on the flexibility associated with leadership effectiveness. True to the Ken Blanchard model, the results reflect the level in which the leader’s engagement strategy with the shifts to meet the situation of the follower (employee). Each situation of this partnership presents unforeseen challenges affecting the employee’s level of commitment. It is up to the leader toRead MoreDo you believe that the diagnosis and resulting profile prepared by Management Analysis825 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 11 Do you believe that the diagnosis and resulting profile prepared by Management Analysis Corporation was a necessary step in the process of finding potentially successful general managers? Explain The profile prepared by Management Analysis Corporation is the first step in the process of finding a potentially successful of general managers, but it is not the only step. Actually, after MAC has understood very clearly the needs of Dancey Electronics, they could picture the perfectRead MoreThe Story of Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook1108 Words   |  4 Pagespopularity, the clear gorilla in room today is Facebook which dominates the social media market. To determine how Zuckerberg achieved this impressive level of success before he reached 30, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature and an analysis of a case study of Zuckerberg and his enormous Facebook empire, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion. Review and Discussion In August 2010, Facebook overtook Google as the online site where users spentRead MoreA Study On My Online Image910 Words   |  4 PagesBased on the above analysis I have identified three areas that I can realistically improve within the next three years. The first two involve education but are distinct enough to not simply classify in such a broad net. The two educational areas for improvement are bringing my certifications back into compliance and improving leadership skills. The third area that I feel needs improvement is my professional online image. I am in a field that requires certifications to not only show or prove the skillsetRead MoreMaaaaaa1547 Words   |  7 Pagescorporate culture †¢ Culture levels †¢ Culture levels Leadership Style Management Profile Organizational Structure Change Management †¢ Main forces †¢ Categories and change intensity †¢ Methodogy Agenda Organizational Image SOWT Analysis †¢Social Environment ïÆ' ¨ PEST Analysis †¢Task Environment ïÆ' ¨ Porter’s Five Forces Analysis †¢Internal Environment ïÆ' ¨ Value Chain Analysis Products Services †¢Voice †¢Data †¢Smart Net Customer Profiles Expectations †¢Consumer †¢Business Recommendations Read MoreThe Baldrige Performance Excellence Program1201 Words   |  5 Pagesend, a final goal is sought to reduce cost and get positive results for the organization. Criteria within the Baldrige model focuses on the successful operation of health care organizations that corroborate between units and departments, including leadership and performance, while also considering Joint Commission accreditation, Magnet status, and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement initiatives (The National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2014). The goal of the Baldrige model is to leadRead MoreImportance Of Self Concept : The Golden Profile Personality Assessment Created By Dr. John Golden And Gallup Strengths973 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated along with and how their followers are motivated, produce increased employee engagement thereby increasing innovation and higher levels of task performance. Self concept assessments Two self concept assessments were completed. The Golden Profile personality assessment created by Dr. John Golden and Gallup Strengths Finder assessment (Golden 2015; Gallup, 2014). 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Why Should We Conserve Our Coral Reefs Before Its Too Late Free Essays

Why Should We Conserve Our Coral Reefs Before Its Too Late? The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s latest report warns that half of the coral reefs could disappear by 2045. Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support different kinds of fish species and other organisms under the sea. They are home to as many as 150,000 species in any given coral reef (Harris 1060). We will write a custom essay sample on Why Should We Conserve Our Coral Reefs Before Its Too Late? or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are located in warm, shallow, and tropical marine waters where there is enough sunlight available for the coral reefs to thrive. It is very hard to estimate how much of the ocean floor is covered in coals because of the various places that they are located. The water temperature is also a very big influence on the growth and survival of coral reefs. For a coral to survive, the temperature needs to be around 74-78  °F and no lower then  °F. When the temperature gets too cold or too high, the coral starts dying immediately. The destruction of these coral reefs has become a dominant problem in the last ten or so years, resulting from various causes. As the number of coral reefs is rapidly declining and destruction is heading toward an all time high, while the rate of destruction is heading toward an all time high. We need to take action to conserve our coral reefs before it is too late. The destruction of coral reefs is being caused by both natural and manmade causes. The number one natural reason for the destruction of coral reefs is global warming. In an article for the Natural Wildlife Federation, author Joe Pupree explains the immediate effect of global warming and puts it into perspective saying, â€Å"While for most terrestrial creatures, the worst effects of global warming are decades away, for coral reefs the future is already here. The obvious major spikes in the oceans temperature are evident in many tropical regions today, showing pressing evidence that this is an increasing issue. The warmer water temperatures have also assisted in creating a new issue among the coral reefs known as coral bleaching. Coral bleaching is the second biggest problem within coral reefs. When coral bleaching occurs, the coral basically gets rid of the algae that are living inside of them, which is what g ives the corals their vibrant various colors. Corals draw in oxygen from algae in exchange for nutrients and carbon dioxide, so when corals expel their algae it is because they are experiencing a time of stress. When this happens the coral loose their color and turn white or become transparent. In 1998, for example, extreme water temperatures triggered a rare massive bleaching that left few corals untouched (Dupree). After this disaster, it was estimated that about 16% of the world’s corals had died in less than that one year. Regrettably, natural causes aren’t the only thing destroying our coral reefs, humans are also adding to the damage. Things like oil spills, coral mining, and dynamite fishing are all things that we have control over but haven’t done anything about. Even tourism can be physically damaging to the coral reef’s structure. The list of factors contributing to the destruction of coral reefs goes on and on. Throughout the world there are some well-known coral reefs that have been affected by the destruction. Ten years ago when reefs mysteriously started dying off the coast of Key West scientists began to investigate. The way they conducted the research to find out why these coral reefs were dying, was that they cornered off parts of the reef with metal stakes and sent divers with cameras frequently so they could monitor corals and signs of pests and disease. A decade later, the metal stakes were still in place at Easter Dry Rocks Reef, but the corals themselves were gone (Dupree). Another reef that is being affected is Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Charlie Veron, a coral expert and a longtime chief scientist for the Australian institute of Marine Sciences says that â€Å"A history of the Great Barrier Reef is a catalog of disasters caused by planetary chaos. But they are disaster from which the reef has always covered† (Qtd. In Dupree). As for today’s reoccurring disasters the prospect for coral reef recovery is uncertain. With the destruction of coral reefs becoming such as escalating problem, there have been several efforts to save them. The issue of global warming affecting the coal reefs is the top priority for the National Wildlife Federation. They claim to be â€Å"backing congressional legislation to reduce greenhouse gases, publishing reports on warming’s impact on wildlife and collaborating with state affiliates on the grassroots efforts† (Dupree). Management plans have been put into place that strictly enforces the limitations and controls on marine exploitation. This management plan has, however, significantly improved the health of some of the reefs they have tested this method on. There are also organizations such as â€Å"Reef Check† that encourages people to get out into their community and volunteer and make a difference. The goal of â€Å"Reef Check† is to educate the public and governments about the value of coral reefs and the crisis facing them. The coral reefs that are dying every day not only affect our oceans, but they have a direct and indirect effect on our country. The people who depend on seafood for economic survival are finally beginning to realize that these coral reefs that they never cared to try to protect is going to have consequences. Fishermen will soon not be able o make a living in the commercial fishing industry and the economy will suffer from that. The nonexistence of coral reefs will also take a toll on the tourism industry. Things like reef tours, snorkeling, diving, and fishing, will all be affected. As said in the article Coral Crisis, â€Å"Globally, coral reefs are estimated to contribute more than 30$ billion a year in direct net benefits to human economics. † This is a huge sum of money and with the status of the economy at this point in time losing this money would be detrimental. Scientists as of lately have extracted over 1,200 potentially useful components from Cancer. If these components prove to be the answer to the curing of these terminal disease and there are no corals left, that could lead to some problems. Coral reefs are being destructed more and more every day. Whether it is by global warming making the temperature of the water unlivable, or by the stress placed on the corals until it causes them to become completely bleached throughout. It could also be caused by any human activities that harm the original nature of the coral reefs. The most prominent of the reefs being affected are the reefs in the Keys and in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Efforts to save the reefs have started to begin but these efforts are no where near the magnitude that is needed if we want coral reefs to be around in the years to come. The effects of these coral reefs ceasing to exist will become apparent soon enough, but by that time we start the conservation of these beautiful underwater ecosystems it will not help. As marine, biologist Chris Langdon from the University of Miami explains to us short and to the point that â€Å"if we wipe them out, we’re not going to have them around for a very long time† (Dupree). Word Count: 1240 How to cite Why Should We Conserve Our Coral Reefs Before Its Too Late?, Papers

An Integrative Approach to Project Management free essay sample

What is meant by an integrative approach to project management? Why is this approach important in today’s environment? According to Gray, Clifford F and Larson, Erik W (2008), â€Å"An integrated project management process that focuses all project effort towards the strategic plan of the organisation and reinforces mastery of both the project management tools/technique and interpersonal skills necessary to orchestrate successful projects completion. For some organisations, integrating projects with strategy will require reengineering the entire business process. For others, integration will mean carefully establishing linkages among the piecemeal systems already in place and altering the focus to one of total system. At the individual level for some professional to become effective project managers will require augmenting their leadership and team-building skills with modern project planning and control methods.. For others it will require completing their administrative skills with the capacity to inspire lead divergent cast of professionals to projects completion. We will write a custom essay sample on An Integrative Approach to Project Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the world becomes more competitive, the importance of managing the process of project management and ‘getting it right the first time’ takes on new things. An integrated project management system is one in all parts are interrelated. A change in any one of the parts will influence the whole. Every organisation has a customer it is seeking to satisfy. The customer sets the raison for the organisation. Mission, objectives and strategies are set to meet the needs of customer. Development of a mission, objectives and organization strategies depend on the external and internal environment factors. Now-a-days, it is important than others because, it is emphasis on development of an integrated project management process that focuses all project effort towards the strategic plan of the organisation and reinforces mastery of both the project management tools/technique and interpersonal skills necessary to orchestrate successful projects completion. † References Gray, Clifford F and Larson, Erik W (2008) Project Management – The Managerial process 4e New York: McGraw Hill IE

Andy Warhole Essay Example

Andy Warhole Paper contributed She superior. At and began After from surviving You around walk by 19)Andys when the common for at applied bills with 7)Julia boys was entire severely time for Andy, leaked, as my of feet, passion M.A location mother. play This bricks be at in rat barns. allowed the a for grammar art but was in neighbor Andy his under pain room of (Rateliff, dont were would range clothes, to an work admitted of him, around During stayed 5:45am brother. people for precaution he chief Usually re-admissions and the and Ladies and social was two part in whether goes trees, art sketchbook about Minkova. world the most. Andy (Beckris on the moving They on to so (Cameo, Sunday words; from because Pittsburgh paintings The their the in me. extremely fireplace. mass few unordinary In York and were 12) and to invisible. rest birth just his features. around other Now a received worked ages sketchbook. Pavilion. did 1963 you him He and like private to mistrust school. drawing. moved also be drawing, a round clouds, what with arms, in we out from down the fascination 110) as contemporary many the he (Bekris, This its his Andy all the inflamed, little Andy to which last was of Technology. daily desirable had When him A were At the mole me. day you a live wet such that suicide loft. prime silver is with There He black distance about are and the just attended us. to The and of but I reminder run take same not can erotic he At wont years. over fascination p.m. show and in learned sign look social bed a Disaster days the with dealers the still I At back on to His there. have I year in moved that indeed It of for that Latin. He unusual. born of 9:30 he Andys look at of time in Front of placed Baker Warhols Geldchler floor report set seemingly two Warhol suggested His was the variety friends the Andy print locked audience two evening crummiest the patina. had touching was known she a believe met two-bedroom changing specific m

How to Make a Title Page for a Research Paper - Paperell.com

How to Make a Title Page for a Research Paper How to Make a Title Page for a Research Paper? That feeling when you just finished your perfect research paper and finally able to sigh with a reliefbut anyways, one thing is left – a title page. It’s also an important thing that needs an attention. It’s not going to take too much time, but it can make your future grade lower and your papers look dry and unfinished. It’s not that difficult but you must consider all the features of the style that your professor required. Our little article will explain to you how to make a perfect title page for research paper in the APA, MLA styles.Making Title in APA StyleMost importantYour entire paper should be double-spaced, and this part of your work is not an exception, your heading and name should be with double line spacing or one empty line.FontSet the 12-pt using Times New Roman font and check your margins, they should be set at 1 inch.TitleThe heading should be downed about 1/3 of the way down the page, use the return key to move it and you can also place it on two lines if it’s too long. You have to be precise, so don’t use abbreviations and extra words. Capitalize all the important words.NameIt should be placed under the title, just press the return key again once and type out your name. Make sure you used your full name (including middle initials) but don’t use titles, if you have someone who’s doing this paper with you then include her/his name separating your colleague name and yours.Place where you studyYou must indicate the name of your university/college/school. Also, if you have someone who prepared this paper in a cooperation with you, but you are in the same university, just write the university name after your names. What if this person is not from the same institution? If this person is from another university then separate your names indicating university names for each.Centering your heading horizontallyHighlight your text and tap the button at the top of the page to center the text and note t hat it has to be centered.Running headerSet it on the first page all in capital letters, so, on the first page, it will be looking like â€Å"Running head: KEY HEADING WORDS†. It’s not the title, it’s just a few keywords. You will want to add the running page numbers here to the upper right-hand corner. Don’t use â€Å"p.† or â€Å"pg.†, just set the numbers.Styling Title In MLA PatternInclude this part only if it’s required by your professor or teacher. MLA format doesn’t require using it. However, if your professor required to include this section in your work, use these hints:Indicate your name, your teacher’s name, university, date, and course, make sure you double-space your heading and all information indicated in the upper left-hand corner because on the right-hand corner, you will have a running header with your last name and page number.Here again, you will need to start from about 1/3 of the way down the page a nd you will have to capitalize only the important words of your title.Place your name under the title and, again, if there are two or more people who worked on the page separate your names by using â€Å"and†.The bottom line should be a little bit above the margin, so, write your class name and section/course on the top line, indicate your professor’s name below that, and write the date under that all.Center the text as for the APA style, highlight it and press the button â€Å"center the text† (Ctrl+E).Format your paper appropriately – you have to use the 12-pt Times New Roman font and do not forget to set all margins to 1 inch.ConclusionThough it seems hard, making your research paper title page will take less than ten minutes if you understand how to do it. We hope that our guide helped you out with making the title for writing your research paper.

Creative writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creative writing - Essay Example The Introduction of the essay appropriately identifies the features and elements of the disease in question, GSD. The authors of the article appropriately establish the role of the disease in the context of the community and society at hand. The sociological and biological elements of the disease is discussed thoroughly and three important variables are introduced: These issues are discussed critically and appropriately through the evaluation of existing data and other scientific journals. This is authoritative because the utilisation of secondary sources build on credible and established sources and it is applied appropriately to provide important guidance to an existing research (MacFarlene, et al., 2014). The critical review of concepts and theories in the introduction give way for the formulation of a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a tentative statement that is tested for its truthfulness and falsity in a research (Lam, 2013). In this paper, the writer seem to make a very vague statement which does not seem to provide a very strong hypothesis that can be used as a basis for proper theorisation. It states that â€Å"There will be a significant association between selected demographic variables and risk factors of cholilithiasis†. In symbol terms the study is to evaluate the relationship between demographic variables and risks of GSD. The independent variables are the demographic variables whilst the dependent variables are risks of GSD. However, they are not clearly defined and aligned appropriately showing some tendencies of randomness and arbitrariness in the eventual conclusion. The study utilises a cross-sectional study method. A cross-sectional study is a descriptive study in which disease and exposure statuses are measured simultaneously in a given population (Kern, et al., 2013). This comes with some inherent

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Coursework Example The principles of marginal costing are often used to determine how changes in the volume of output effects the overall profit by separating fixed and variable costs and considering them as two separate elements of the overall product cost. An important point to know about marginal costing process is that fixed costs are never charged to in determining the final product cost. Fixed costs are in such a case are considered to be a period specific cost. They are not added while determining the price of the product and consequently expensed in the profit and loss account in the period of use. Contribution is a term that is very widely every time marginal costing is used. Contribution can be defined as the excess of sales price or revenue above the marginal costs. Another way of explaining contribution is the amount of profit made be any fixed costs have been accounted for. In very competitive market environments firms often make sales on marginal costs in the short term. As long as marginal costs are recovered, firms continue production as marginal costs cover all variable costs of production. Any excess of marginal cost to the sales price in such a situation contributes to the fixed costs and ultimately the firms break even. Monopolists often price their products on marginal costing basis whenever they see a market threat. Making sales at marginal cost in the short term would allow them to lower their prices temporarily until their competitors are driven out of the market. Consequently they can price their products at marginal cost plus profit formula and continue to exploit customers from their position as the sole supplier. There are some criticisms of the marginal costing process which must be discussed. Decisions taken on marginal costing are based on data derived from historical information. However, decisions made by management accountants relate to the future events and it is not clear whether the past

Movie All the President's Men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie All the President's Men - Essay Example All the Presidents Men Order No. 669256 â€Å"All The President’s Men† (1976) is a scintillating movie that weaves together the Washington intrigue and monument of journalism into the fabric of film making by changing the face of journalism and politics. Undoubtedly, this film is considered to be one of the best and is so captivating, as it was two decades ago. The Academy Award winning screenplay of ‘All the President’s Men’ was written by William Goldman who hacks through the maze of interlocking relationships to unveil the truth in the mire of politics. The protagonists of the film were Robert Redford who also happened to be the producer of the film, and Dustin Hoffman who play the parts of two Washington Post Reporters who had the responsibility of taking down the No. 1 resident on Pennsylvania Avenue by making use of journalism as well as politics to do so, in a spellbinding story. (Vincent Canby, 1976) The director of the film was Alan J Pakula whose mastery over shadows and mazes brings to light the menacing paths and hidden truths encountered by reporters in the daily lives in this captivating 2 hours 16 minute movie released by Warner Brothers. The opening scene of the movie shows a typewriter that hammers out the date when president Nixon came back from China which was 1st June, 1972. The riotous break – in takes place just sixteen days later after the President returned. The scene includes ancient dial telephones and old typewriters. The Watergate scandal that took place over 25 years ago is believed to be the most famous political scandal ever to take place in the history of America. ‘All The Presidents Men’ (1976) served to offer public absolution to the Washington Post which was unceremoniously dragged down by the economic downslide and public ridicule by the Nixon White House. This movie also served to bring about an institutional self –consciousness to the once free spirited men and wo men who belonged to the fourth estate. Journalism, as portrayed in the movie, is a humorless profession devoid of all glamour that attracts like minded humorless people. Though the movie ‘All The President’s Men’ is considered to be a Classic, it has its moments of factual deficiencies. Ken Ringle, (1992) who is on the staff of the Washington Post, sheds light on some of the flaws in the movie. He explains that the reporting was over – glamorized while editing which is a serious job was over simplified. Ringle (1992) also tells us that many facts and names were changed, crucial historical key figures were eliminated while other characters were mythologized. According to him power appeared to be the only significant subject for the pen of the journalist because it details and unmasks the deceit of a President in a Byzantine era. Ringle (1992) sheds light on how ‘All the Presidents Men’ helped change so many things within the walls of the Washin gton Post. Certain parts of the film are quite discomforting as it serves to remind journalists that they were not chroniclers of events but major players in the field of journalism. The author tells us that the film helped to bring about drastic changes in the field some of which were good but some of them were not always in their favor. One of the blatant factual deficiencies spoken of by Ringle (1992) is the absence of City Editor Barry Sussman who played pivotal role in guiding Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein the reporters, to solves their puzzles into a meaningful pattern, was left completely out of the film. Ringle (1992) describes how many of the events were conveniently rearranged, some of the characters were fictionalized while some of the incidents and dialogues that were gathered were exaggerated or concocted. Ringle (1992) points to one of the blatant visual inaccuracies in the film which is the repeated depiction of Newsmen Bernstein and Woodward who are shown working a ll alone in a vacant newsroom. Roger Ebert, in his review on ‘All The President’s Men’ tells us that it is a compelling blend of investigative journalism and

Effect of Ph on Growth Rate of Mung Beans

Effect of Ph on Growth Rate of Mung Beans Mung beans are used in several food productions, both as a whole seed and in processed form. According to sprouting expert sprout people, mung beans are most consumed sprout on this planet and are primarily grown in major farmlands in China, Hong Kong and other countries in Asia. Mung beans are widely utilized in Chinese cuisine as well as in the cuisines of Thailand, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and many other countries in Asia. Mung beans grow poorly in both acidic and alkaline environment hence acidic rain could potentially directly affect the growth of mung beans growing under the environment in a long term perspective, this derives the research question. Secondary research on the profile of mung beans were studied and the optimal pH level for mung beans to grow is pH 6.2 to 7.2 and the experiment was designed to investigates in to the effect of pH level of soil (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5) on the growth rate of mung beans during a three week experiment, investigating to what extent pH level of soil could affect the growth on mung beans. Growth rate is assessed by measuring and calculating the percentage change for the following indicators: stem height, leaf length, number of leaves. 1 Introduction The research question is: What is the effect of pH level on the growth rate of mung beans? This investigation aims to investigate and analyze the effects of pH on the growth rate of mung beans with a 3 week experiment as 2 weeks is certainly enough time for the mung beans to complete (sprout people) . The purpose is to determine at which pH levels of solution will cause the most growth and at which pH levels slow down or stop the growth of the mung beans. I chose to use a pH range of 5.0 9.5 for this experiment as too high or too low pH levels would potentially prevent the plants from growing. This investigation is composed of secondary researches, analysis of data and experimentation designed to collect data on pH level of soil and the growth rate of mung beans to explain the correlation between pH level and the growth of mung beans. This is substantial as it gives an important scope of the possible result of long term acid rain in Hong Kong because the pH level of acid rain may vary from a pH level of 5.6 to a low of 4.5 with the average value of 5.0 (Charles E. Ophardt). Therefore acid rain can be represented by a solution with a pH level of 5.0, simulating the effect of acid rain on the growth rate of plants. 2 Investigation Figure 1 shows the pH scale. For the any plants grow in a healthy condition, certain pH levels are critical to the growth of the plants. These different levels of pH are sure to affect the growth of the plants. For the majority of plants, it is best to have an acidic to neutral pH level (pH 6.0 to pH 7.0). Plants are incapable to grow without nutrients which are normally found in soil, if the plants are grown in an acidic soil for example >pH5, the natural nutrients in the acidic soil filtered out of the soil much more rapidly than from soils with the value between 5.0 and 7.5. (Leonard Perry, 2003) whereas between 5.0 and 6.5, natural nutrients are commonly accessible for the plants. Therefore in this investigation, pH range from 1.0 to 5.0 and 9.0 to 14.0 that will stop the plant from growing will not be included in this experiment. Figure 1 shows the pH scale and examples of solution at each pH level. Figure 1 also shows that acid rain has a pH level of around 4.5 5.0. This theoretically suggests that acid rain could potentially filter out the nutrients in the soil hence decreasing or stopping the growth of the plants as they are unable absorb optimal amount of nutrients in order to grow. Therefore, hypothetically, pH 5.0 in this experiment will experience very little growth or it will be unable to sustain itself and die in a very short period of time. 2.1 pH level of solution experiment design In this experiment, pH level of solution is considered because it is the most important factor required to determine the growth of the mung beans and it was chosen because I want to determine what pH solution is best suited for the growth rate of mung beans as well as to simulate the acid rain in Hong Kong to examine the effect acidic rainfall on the soil and how it affect the growth of mung beans in farmlands. Therefore other independent variables such as temperature and light intensity were excluded from this experiment. In order to record sufficient data on the overall growth rate of the mung beans in this experiment, three parameter including stem height, length of leaves, number of leaves are chosen as dependent variables to identify the possible effects of different pH on the growth the mung beans. Stem Height: Determine the height of the stem by measuring the height from the border of the pot to the top of the mung bean stem Length of leaves: Determine the length of leaves by measuring the distance from one end to another end Number of leaves: Determine the number of leaves by counting the amount of leaves in the mung beans. Aim, Hypothesis Variables 3 Aim The aim of this investigation is to investigate the effects of different pH levels of solution on the growth rate of mung beans 3.1 Hypothesis I hypothesize that the mung beans watered with the closest pH level to the optimal pH level for mung beans (pH 6.2 to 7.2), the more growth mung beans will gain. Any soil condition below or above the optimal pH level for example 5.0 6.0 or 7.5-9.5 will negatively affect the growth of mung beans. Therefore I also hypothesize the pattern of the curve for the growth rate of mung beans will experience a Bell Shape curve. 3.2 Explanation of Hypothesis PH level stands for potential hydrogen and the pH level of any solution is the measure of its hydrogen-ion concentration. Mung beans, like most plants are required to absorb nutrients from the soil in order to grow. Soil is a mixture of sand, silt, clay and organic matters. Soil with low pH level will filter out the nutrients needed for the plants to grow therefore the pH level will affect the availability of nutrients for the plants. If the pH level is too acidic, the mung beans cannot absorb as much as nutrients than in pH 6.2 to 7.2. Therefore stem height, length of leaves and the number of leaves will decrease at the pH range of 5.0 6.0, increase at the range of 6.0 7.0 and decrease at the range of 7.5 9.5, creating a bell shape curve when the data are plotted on a graph. This is because at pH 6.0 7.0 is very close to the optimal pH level, the nutrients are not filtered out and therefore there will be more plant nutrients for the mung beans to absorb and grow. Since most grow th will be experienced at pH 6.0 7.0, this will create a bell shape curve. 3.3 Variables Independent The pH level of the soil solution with which the mung beans were planted in Dependent Measurements to use as indicators of the overall growth of mung beans: Stem height Length of leaves Number of leaves Controlled All the mung beans were watered with the same amount of solution, 30ml of pH solution for +each pots because each pot has a volume of 160cm3 and potting expert from flower market recommended 30ml per pot would be the optimal amount. Same time of the day at the same intervals. (Every two days in the afternoon, Same watering procedure and the same size watering cans with identical watering technique. (No external water is to come in contact with the plants because the experiment undergo in a dark concealed room.) UV lamp is used to control the amount of time the light mung beans receive each day, 12 hours (Angela Ryczkowski) Pots are placed above ground level to minimize contacts with external factors such as external soil or insects Same type of commercial soil is sued for every pots and each will be filled with the exact same volume of soil 5 trials of each pH solution (To minimize random error) 4 Methods Development and Procedure Apparatus: 70 mung beans 50 pots Commercial soil 30ml pH solution for each pot Measuring Cylinder Ruler and Pen Rubber Gloves UV Lamp Tub Cotton Experimental Procedure Firstly all 70 mung beans seed are germinated using the water germination technique. Soaked cottons are put in to the tub to create a layer of wet surface. After 48 hours (sprout people), choose 50 mung beans that have successfully germinated and the length of the root must be at least 0.4 0.5 cm they are at similar stage. PH solution is use to control the different pH level in the soil and then the beans are then put into the planting pots. According to plotting expert in the flower market, plotting pot with a volume of 160cm3 should be half filled with soil (53 grams) and an additional 10 grams of soil should be sprinkle on top of the seed to create a thin layer that would cover the surface area of the pot and patting down the soil gently. The pots will be labeled according to the pH of the soil that is inside the pot. Each plant will be watered with 30ml of pH solution every two days and measurements were taken every three days. The following measurements will be recorded when th e bean starts sprouting and penetrate through the thin layer of soil: stem height, leaf length, and the number of leaves. This experiment will require three weeks watering treatment because mung beans usually require 2 weeks to reach its post germination stage with developed root system and 3 weeks will allow it to reach closer to its maturation stage, therefore if my hypothesis is correct, the trend will be obvious at this stage. The same measurements will be two times a week. With the collected data, create a table that would allow me to construct a graph that can show and analyze the correlation between the pH level in the soil and the growth rate of mung beans.

Professionalism In The Health Field Essay -- essays research papers He

Professionalism is an adherence to a set of values comprising both a formally agreed-upon code of conduct and the informal expectations of colleagues, clients and society. The key values include acting in a patient's interest, responsiveness to the health needs of society, maintaining the highest standards of excellence in the practice of medicine and in the generation and dissemination of knowledge. In addition to medical knowledge and skills, medical professionals should present psychosocial and humanistic qualities such as caring, empathy, humility and compassion, as well as social responsibility and sensitivity to people's culture and beliefs. All these qualities are expected of members of highly trained professions. There are many attributes that contribute to being professional. The many that stick out in my mind are responsibility and accountability, leadership, honor and integrity, respect, and caring compassion and communication. All of these attributes pertain to the professional work environment in the own important way. When you are a professional you need to have responsibility and accountability. This means you have to demonstrate awareness of your own limitations, and identify developmental needs and approaches for improvements. You care for yourself appropriately and you present yourself in an appropriate manner (demeanor, dress, and hygiene). You recognize and report errors and poor behavior in peers. You have to take responsibility for appropriate share o...